Since 2006, Matthieu has participated in numerous group and solo exhibitions. He has published five books including: Transhumanism, abbreviated as H+, (2018, Kehrer) in which he explores transhumanism and kinds of body modification or enhancement. In this work Matthieu mixed a documentary approach with allegorical visions to reveal the presence of transhumanistic notions in our lives.

In Only God Can Judge Me (2014, Kehrer) Matthieu chose the Lausanne drug scene as his subject with it’s inherent tragic form of exoticism and instead creating an original work on an otherwise trivialized subject. In Surfaces (2012, Actes Sud) Matthieu sought coherence in the incoherence of Tunisia. Torn between the yearnings for Western modernity and comfort, and the trappings of traditional habitats, his photographs of façades, buildings, urban areas, and environments considered the country’s managed foreignness.

In 2009 Matthieu was awarded the prestigious ‘Prix de la fondation HSBC pour la photographie’ and subsequently was invited to contribute to Aperture Foundation's 2010 reGeneration2 exhibition. In 2014, Lausanne’s influential Musée de l'Elysée hosted Matthieu’s solo show titled ‘Only God Can Judge Me’ and in 2018, his work on ‘H+’ was exhibited at Les Rencontres de la Photographie, in Arles.

In parallel to his artistic practice, Matthieu teaches at the University of Art and Design Lausanne (ECAL) and he is currently based in Lausanne.